Sudan: Struggle for Independence
Casey Richter
World History Period 2
May 4, 2009
Independence in Sudan
Independence. A word with countless meanings, depending on the person. To an African country such as Sudan, independence means a huge fight, determination and work to receive the freedom from controlling countries, control of their own government and economy, and freedom for the citizens. Independence not only has many meanings according to the person, but is harder to acquire depending on who you are. For Sudan, this task wasn’t easy.
With the formal end of Ottoman rule in 1914, Husayn Kamil was declared Sultan of Egypt and Sudan. The insistence of a single Egyptian-Sudanese state persisted, yet for a while the states were not allowed to combine. By 1924 Sudan and Egypt were united as one, but first real fight for independence from Britain erupted. This came from a group known as the White Flag League, led by first lieutenants Ali Abdullatif and Abdul Fadil Almaz. However, they were defeated, and fell back under Britain’s rule for a while. The British then ended their occupation in 1936, yet they still physically occupied Sudan and Egypt. The biggest fight for independence began in 1952 with the Egyptian Revolution. Egypt's new leaders, Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel-Nasser, believed the only way to end British domination in Sudan was for Egypt to officially separate from Sudan. The British finally withdrew in 1954, and on January first 1956, the Egyptian and British governments signed a treaty granting Sudan independence.
Ismail Al-Azhari was the first prime minister, and Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir is the most recent. His term ended in 1993, and no prime minister has been elected since. Currently, Arabic is the most popular spoken language in Sudan, yet Arabic and English are the two official languages. Sudan is independent, and to them, that means the world. Independence has so many different meanings, and as many things are, when it’s fought for, it means the most.
"Independence in Sudan." The World Factbook. 4 May 2009 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factook/geos/su.html>.
This website was extremely helpful in dealing with the current status and information about Sudan
"Sudan." Infoplease. 3 May 2009 <http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107996.html>.
This website provided a lot of information about Sudan’s main fight for independence.
"Sudan." Sudan. 3 May 2009 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sd0012>.
This website was helpful with providing information about the struggle with Sudan’s combination with Egypt
http://org.newtrier.k12.il.us/academics/faculty/hjelmgren/africa09proj3lev.html
Last updated by Casey Richter. May 22, 2009
World History Period 2
May 4, 2009
Independence in Sudan
Independence. A word with countless meanings, depending on the person. To an African country such as Sudan, independence means a huge fight, determination and work to receive the freedom from controlling countries, control of their own government and economy, and freedom for the citizens. Independence not only has many meanings according to the person, but is harder to acquire depending on who you are. For Sudan, this task wasn’t easy.
With the formal end of Ottoman rule in 1914, Husayn Kamil was declared Sultan of Egypt and Sudan. The insistence of a single Egyptian-Sudanese state persisted, yet for a while the states were not allowed to combine. By 1924 Sudan and Egypt were united as one, but first real fight for independence from Britain erupted. This came from a group known as the White Flag League, led by first lieutenants Ali Abdullatif and Abdul Fadil Almaz. However, they were defeated, and fell back under Britain’s rule for a while. The British then ended their occupation in 1936, yet they still physically occupied Sudan and Egypt. The biggest fight for independence began in 1952 with the Egyptian Revolution. Egypt's new leaders, Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel-Nasser, believed the only way to end British domination in Sudan was for Egypt to officially separate from Sudan. The British finally withdrew in 1954, and on January first 1956, the Egyptian and British governments signed a treaty granting Sudan independence.
Ismail Al-Azhari was the first prime minister, and Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir is the most recent. His term ended in 1993, and no prime minister has been elected since. Currently, Arabic is the most popular spoken language in Sudan, yet Arabic and English are the two official languages. Sudan is independent, and to them, that means the world. Independence has so many different meanings, and as many things are, when it’s fought for, it means the most.
"Independence in Sudan." The World Factbook. 4 May 2009 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factook/geos/su.html>.
This website was extremely helpful in dealing with the current status and information about Sudan
"Sudan." Infoplease. 3 May 2009 <http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107996.html>.
This website provided a lot of information about Sudan’s main fight for independence.
"Sudan." Sudan. 3 May 2009 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sd0012>.
This website was helpful with providing information about the struggle with Sudan’s combination with Egypt
http://org.newtrier.k12.il.us/academics/faculty/hjelmgren/africa09proj3lev.html
Last updated by Casey Richter. May 22, 2009
Citizens of Sudan celbrating their Independance
